In 1521, Luther was excommunicated, sealing the schism within Western Christendom between the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutherans and opening the door for other Protestants to resist the power of the papacy.Īlthough most of the wars ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, religious conflicts continued to be fought in Europe until at least the 1710s. In 1517, Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses took only two months to spread throughout Europe with the help of the printing press, overwhelming the abilities of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the papacy to contain it. The European wars of religion are also known as the Wars of the Reformation. 9 Religious situation pre- and post-European wars.3.3 Schmalkaldic Wars and other early conflicts.3.1 Rebellions of Anabaptists and other radicals.Although many European leaders were sickened by the bloodshed by 1648, smaller religious wars continued to be waged until the 1710s, including the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) in the British Isles, the Savoyard–Waldensian wars (1655–1690), and the Toggenburg War (1712) in the Western Alps. The Peace of Westphalia broadly resolved the conflicts by recognising three separate Christian traditions in the Holy Roman Empire: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism. The conflicts culminated in the Thirty Years' War, which devastated Germany and killed one third of its population, a mortality rate twice that of World War I. Warfare intensified after the Catholic Church began the Counter-Reformation in 1545 against the growth of Protestantism. The conflicts began with the minor Knights' Revolt (1522), followed by the larger German Peasants' War (1524–1525) in the Holy Roman Empire. The wars were largely ended by the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which established a new political order that is now known as Westphalian sovereignty. By the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Catholic France had allied with the Protestant forces against the Catholic Habsburg monarchy. Other motives during the wars involved revolt, territorial ambitions and Great Power conflicts. Fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, the wars disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe, or Christendom.
STRONGHOLD KINGDOMS FAITH POINTS SERIES
The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe during the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. The next point increase from 100 again NOT 120, so the second research point will bring the Village Hall to 140 (40% Increase from 100 NOT 120).The Battle of White Mountain (1620) in Bohemia was one of the decisive battles of the Thirty Years' War that ultimately led to the forced conversion of the Bohemian population back to Roman Catholicism. The research ranks are not cumlative, That is the first point in Engineering increases the standard Village Hall from 100 to 120 (20% Increase). So if you wish to increase the capacity of a building, say you need more granary space, then mathematics is the type of research to do.Įngineering - Engineering increases the amount storage space per good type (Stockpile, Villiage Hall, Granary, Inn and Armoury). Mathematics covers architecture, trading, and engineering.
Education is split into two categories Mathematics and Arts.Īrts covers things such as religion, justice, philosophy, theology, literature and decoration and is a great way to boost Honour, Gold and Faith Points. Education research is generally to improve the speed, ability or capacity of an element.
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