It forms the base of the popliteal fossa and is the only muscle of either the deep posterior or superficial posterior fossa to act solely on the knee joint as a posterolateral stabilizer. The popliteus is accompanied by the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus forming the deep posterior compartment of the leg. In the open chain phase, or swing phase of the limb, the popliteus acts to internally rotate the tibia on the femur. During the closed chain phase, which is when the foot is in contact with the ground, the muscle externally rotates the femur on the tibia. The popliteus is involved in both the closed chain phase and open chain phase of the gait cycle. The fibula articulates with the tibia laterally at proximal and distal ends however, it has no involvement in weight bearing.ĭespite its small size, the popliteus is a major stabilizer of the knee. The tibia is a large weight-bearing bone, often referred to as the "shin bone," and articulates with the femoral condyles superiorly and the talus inferiorly.
The various muscles of the posterior compartment primarily originate at the two bones of the leg, the tibia, and the fibula. The deep layer of the leg's posterior compartment contains the popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and tibialis posterior muscles. The larger, superficial compartment of the lower leg contains the gastrocnemius, soleus (GS) and plantaris muscles. The posterior compartment of the leg (often referred to as the "calf") further divides into distinct superficial and deep compartments by the transverse intermuscular septum. The posterior compartment musculature functions to plantarflex and invert the foot The lateral compartment musculature functions to plantar flex and evert the foot The anterior compartment musculature functions to primarily dorsiflex the foot and ankle Each compartment contains its distinct set of muscles, vasculature, and innervation: These compartments are formed and separated via divisions by the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa, and the interosseous membrane. The lower leg divides into three fascial compartments:
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